Egalitarianism

Introduction 

Egalitarianism is a socio-political philosophy which advocates for the equal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society. It champions the belief that no person should have an advantage or a disadvantage due to different factors and all individuals, regardless of their inherent characteristics, backgrounds, or circumstances, should be treated with equal consideration, respect, and opportunity.^[1] Egalitarians contend that a just society is one in which wealth, power, and opportunities are distributed equitably. This philosophy extends to various domains, including economic, educational, and political spheres, emphasizing the removal of barriers that hinder equal access and advancement. This often results in the redistribution of wealth and resources.  

The term derives from the French word “égal”, which translates to equal. Modern-day egalitarianism finds its roots in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke, who advocated for individual rights and just governance. These foundational ideas gained further momentum during the late 18th-century French Revolution.

Conservative Perspective

There are four main reasons why conservatives argue against egalitarianism. First, conservatives advocate for a system that provides equal opportunity and meritocracy. Second, conservatives point out that there are natural differences among individuals. Third, conservatives assert for respecting all beliefs, even if not all of them are equal. Fourth, conservatives argue for private charitable initiatives over government backed programs in addressing inequality.

Equal Opportunity and Meritocracy

Conservatives support equal opportunity, advocating for a system where individuals have the chance to succeed based on their own abilities and efforts rather than being held back by systemic barriers. Conservatives emphasize the importance of a level playing field in education, employment, and other areas, while acknowledging that equal outcomes is not achievable or desirable due to natural differences in talents and motivations.^[2] 

Moreover, conservatives argue that a meritocratic system, where rewards are based on individual merit and contribution, is a fair way to distribute resources and opportunities. Conservatives contend that rewarding hard work, innovation, and productivity encourages individuals to excel and benefits society as a whole. However, conservatives also recognize that a certain degree of social safety net is necessary.

Natural Differences

Conservatives don’t necessarily believe that inequality is a bad thing. Some people are born tall and some are born short. Different people are good at different things and are born into different circumstances. The conservative goal isn’t to make everyone have the same lot in life, the goal is to give everyone a fair chance at success. Additionally, conservatives argue that ensuring equal outcomes for everyone, regardless of effort, could disincentivize work and innovation. Therefore, maintaining a degree of inequality can motivate individuals to strive for success.^[3]

Private Initiatives

Conservatives contend that addressing social and economic inequality is best addressed via voluntary efforts and private charitable initiatives, rather than through government policies. They argue that a vibrant civil society, including religious and community organizations, can effectively address the needs of the less fortunate. Whereas governments tend to burden taxpayers and economies via ineffective social policies.