Populism

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The Encyclopedia of Conservatism

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The Editors of The Encyclopedia of Conservatism

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Populism is a political ideology characterized by appealing to the concerns of ordinary people, contrasting them with the “elites”.
Conservatives sometimes oppose and sometimes support populism, depending on the type of populism in question.
Populism is more of a style of politics rather than a political philosophy, and so conservative responses to populism are more dependent on the individual than anything.

Introduction

Populism is a political ideology and style characterized by a strong appeal to the concerns and grievances of the ordinary people, sometimes framed as “the forgotten” or “the silent majority.” It presents itself as a force challenging the established political elites, institutions, and the status quo. Populist movements and leaders typically employ a charismatic approach, using simple and emotionally charged messages, with a focus on “us versus them” dynamics. They claim to represent the true will of the people against a corrupt or out-of-touch elite, fostering a sense of unity and common identity among their supporters.^[1]

Populism can take different forms, ranging from left-wing populism championing economic equality and social justice, to right-wing populism emphasizing national identity, immigration control, and traditional values. Populism thrives in contexts of social and economic discontent, often exploiting real or perceived inequalities.

Conservative perspective

Conservatives have mixed views on populism, they are critical of it when it promotes increased government intervention, rapid social change, or other left wing ideas. By the same token, conservatives are more supportive of populism when the populism is focused on conservative ideas. Populism is more of a style of politics rather than a political philosophy, and so conservative responses to populism are more dependent on individual preferences than anything.

Opposing the political elite

Protesters take part in a demonstration called by the far-right Front National (FN) party against migrants in La Tour d’Aigues, Southern France, 23 October 2016. The banner reads “No migrants in our villages.”

In the 21^st century, in particular, right wing populist movements are often seen as a movement of the people against a perceived elite or establishment. Conservatives who view the establishment as out of touch with the concerns of ordinary citizens are sympathetic to such populist stances. They argue that this is a healthy expression of democratic accountability, as it challenges entrenched interests and encourages leaders to be more responsive to the concerns of ordinary citizens, rather than forcing progressive ideologies on people.^[2] Moreover, populist leaders often reject political correctness and speak bluntly about issues like immigration, security, and identity. This frankness is appreciated by many conservatives as a break from the constant politically correct talk that has become standard across many institutions.